How to Properly Chain Down an Excavator onto a Low-Bed Truck
- RALPH COPE
- Jan 29
- 4 min read
Updated: Jan 30
Transporting an excavator safely requires securing it properly onto a low-bed truck to prevent shifting during transit. Whether you are hauling a 20-ton or 40-ton machine, ensuring a solid tie-down technique is crucial to avoid accidents, equipment damage, or legal penalties. Here’s a step-by-step guide to safely chaining down an excavator onto a low-bed truck.
1. Choose the Right Low-Bed Trailer
Before loading the excavator, ensure the trailer is designed to handle the machine’s weight and dimensions. Low-bed trailers (also called lowboys) are ideal for heavy machinery as they offer a lower center of gravity, reducing the risk of tipping.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Trailer:
Weight Capacity – Ensure the trailer can handle the total weight of the excavator.
Axle Configuration – More axles help distribute weight better and reduce pressure on roads.
Deck Length and Width – The excavator must fit securely without exceeding legal transport limits.
Ramp Compatibility – Some trailers come with hydraulic ramps to facilitate easy loading.
2. Inspect the Chains and Load Securement Equipment
Using the correct type and number of chains is critical. Check for:
Grade 70 transport chains or higher (Grade 80 or 100 for heavier loads)
Load binders (ratchet or lever-type)
Chain hooks, clevis fasteners, and tensioners
D-ring anchor points on the trailer
No signs of wear, rust, or weakened links
A minimum of four chains is typically required for a standard excavator, but larger machines may require additional securement points.
3. Position the Excavator on the Trailer
Steps for Proper Positioning:
Align the excavator properly – Load the excavator facing forward, with the heaviest end (typically the engine compartment) positioned toward the front of the trailer.
Center the tracks – Ensure the excavator’s tracks are positioned evenly on the trailer deck to distribute the weight properly.
Lower the boom and bucket – Lower the bucket so it rests securely on the deck, and tilt it slightly downward to avoid movement.
Turn off the engine and engage the parking brake – This prevents unwanted movement while securing the machine.
Improper positioning can cause weight imbalances, increasing the risk of tipping during transport.
4. Chain Down the Excavator
Secure the machine using the following method:
Front Chains (Prevent Forward Movement)
Attach one chain from a front D-ring on the trailer to the front tie-down points on the excavator.
Use a load binder to tighten the chain securely.
Ensure the chain runs at a 45-degree angle to prevent both forward and sideways movement.
Rear Chains (Prevent Backward Movement)
Attach two chains from the rear tie-down points on the excavator to the D-rings at the back of the trailer.
Tighten them evenly to prevent shifting.
Boom and Bucket Chains (Prevent Upward Movement)
Wrap a chain over the boom and bucket, securing it to the deck.
Avoid placing chains directly over hydraulic hoses or fragile components.
Track Securement (Prevent Sideways Movement)
Use additional chains on the tracks to prevent lateral shifting.
Hook the chains to the trailer deck at a 90-degree angle for the best hold.
5. Check and Adjust Tension
Use ratchet binders to tighten all chains until there is no slack.
Avoid over-tightening, which can cause unnecessary stress on the chains and tie-down points.
Ensure each chain has an equal level of tension to keep the excavator stable.
Double-check that the chains are not rubbing against any critical components of the machine.
6. Final Safety Check
Walk around the entire setup to inspect all chains and binders.
Ensure no part of the machine extends beyond legal limits.
Double-check that the parking brake is engaged and the bucket is resting securely.
Ensure all chains comply with DOT (Department of Transport) regulations in your region.
Confirm that warning signs, flags, or oversized load permits are in place if required.
7. Periodic Checks During Transit
Even if the excavator is securely chained down, recheck the tension and placement of chains after the first 50km of travel. Vibrations from the road can cause slight loosening, so periodic inspections are essential.
Additional Checks:
Ensure load binders remain in a locked position.
Look for signs of shifting or chain wear.
Adjust or re-tighten chains as needed.
8. Unloading the Excavator Safely
Park on level ground – Ensure the trailer is stable before unloading.
Release the chains in a structured manner – Start from the rear and move forward.
Lower the ramps slowly – If using hydraulic ramps, ensure they are functioning properly.
Start the excavator and move it off gradually – Avoid sudden jerks that can destabilize the machine.
Conduct a post-transport inspection – Check for any potential damage caused during hauling.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Using low-quality chains – Always use transport-grade chains.
Uneven weight distribution – Poor positioning can cause instability.
Over-tightening chains – Can cause chain breakage or machine damage.
Neglecting periodic checks – Chains can loosen during long hauls.
Ignoring DOT regulations – Failing to meet safety standards can result in hefty fines or impoundment.
Final Thoughts
Properly chaining down an excavator onto a low-bed truck ensures safe transportation, compliance with road safety laws, and protects both the equipment and other road users. By following these steps and using high-quality securement equipment, you can prevent unnecessary delays, fines, or damage to your valuable machinery. Safe hauling!
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